Energy Storage EAPD

Energy Storage Station Electrical Fire Protection Solution

Thermal runaway of lithium batteries is a major safety concern in the energy storage industry. PFCS patches cover battery pack and PCS surfaces, EAPD monitors in-container temperature and gas parameters, and the ICOP platform integrates with the BMS to form an active protection system from the cell level to the entire container.

Electrical Fire Causes in Energy Storage Stations

Lithium battery energy storage systems have high energy density and significant thermal runaway risk; once ignited, fire spreads quickly and re-ignition risk is significant:

  • Lithium battery thermal runaway: internal short circuit or overcharge triggers thermal runaway, releasing flammable gases that ignite neighboring cells
  • PCS electrical fault: aging or short circuit of converter power modules causes direct ignition on the DC bus side
  • DC arcing: poor contact at battery cluster busbars and connectors sustains arcing that ignites cable sheathing
  • Re-ignition and spread: residual short-circuit energy after conventional suppression may cause secondary re-ignition, spreading to adjacent containers

The core principle of fire protection for energy storage stations is "early detection, fast suppression, and spread prevention" — intervening actively at the early stage of thermal runaway.

Solution Overview

This solution applies PFCS composite agile fire-control patches over battery pack surfaces and PCS power modules, deploys EAPD devices to monitor abnormal temperature, smoke, and combustible gas concentration inside the container, and connects the ICOP platform to the BMS and fire system for integrated response — building an active storage protection system of "cell-level patch protection, in-container monitoring and warning, and platform-based coordinated control."

Overall approach: PFCS patches are mounted directly on the top cover and sides of battery packs and on PCS power module surfaces — the direct points where thermal runaway originates. When abnormal high temperature occurs (e.g., shell temperature rising sharply due to an internal cell short circuit), the patch actively ruptures and releases a clean extinguishing agent to suppress local hot spots before thermal spread. EAPD devices continuously monitor the container environment; abnormal parameters and BMS data are cross-analyzed on the ICOP platform to trigger graded alarms and coordinated response.

Typical Protection Points

Battery pack top coverCovers cell busbar and sampling-line interfaces
PCS power moduleIGBT heatsink and DC bus side patches
Battery cluster busbarProtection at each cluster parallel connection point
In-container DC distribution cabinetCovers circuit breakers and busbars
Liquid cooling unit distributionCompressor and circulation pump circuit protection
Inter-container cablesCable tray and wall-pass-through reinforcement

Core Product Configuration

PFCS Composite Agile Fire-Control Patch

A single patch provides on-site protection, addressing electrical fire risks at the source:

  • Cell-level protection: closely attached to the battery pack surface, releases clean agent upon early thermal runaway signs to suppress local hot-spot spread
  • No new risk introduced: purely passive physical trigger, no electromagnetic interference to BMS or battery management systems
  • No secondary damage: clean agent is non-conductive and residue-free, not affecting normal operation of cells and PCS
  • Adapts to varied conditions: patch structure tolerates the day-night temperature swings and vibration of storage containers for long-term reliability

EAPD Electrical Active Protection Device

Very early warning that actively suppresses before a fire develops; it focuses on monitoring in-container thermal runaway signature parameters such as temperature, smoke, and carbon monoxide, reporting anomalies to the ICOP platform and coordinating ventilation pre-action and suppression.

ICOP Intelligent Integrated Operation Platform

Connects to the storage station BMS and EAPD data, cross-analyzing thermal runaway precursors from multiple sources; supports graded alarm push and fire-coordination plans for full-lifecycle safety management of the storage station.

Key Technical Parameters

Protection methodCell-level patch protection + in-container monitoring + platform BMS coordination
Extinguishing agentPFCS clean extinguishing agent (non-conductive, residue-free)
Monitoring focusEAPD temperature / smoke / CO thermal runaway signature monitoring
Deployment formPatches pre-mounted on pack top cover; EAPD on container wall; ICOP cloud/local deployment
Applicable equipmentBattery pack, PCS, busbar, DC distribution cabinet
Unified managementICOP coordinates with BMS for centralized control and fire linkage of multiple storage container groups

Benefits After Deployment

Cell-level suppression

Patches directly cover individual cell hot spots, actively suppressing before thermal spread

Multi-parameter warning

EAPD jointly analyzes with BMS to reduce false and missed alarms

Spread barrier

Multiple in-container patches form a suppression surface to contain thermal runaway within the container

Low-maintenance operation

Patches are maintenance-free; EAPD self-checks and reports; ICOP remote watch reduces site visits

Extended Application Scenarios

This solution also applies to commercial and industrial storage cabinets, PV-plus-storage, and integrated PV-storage-charging stations. The core logic is consistent — battery pack patch protection, multi-parameter in-container EAPD monitoring, and ICOP coordination with the BMS. It can be used together with other PFCS patch series and Liquid Shield coating.

Standards and Compliance

This solution's technical approach references electrical fire protection design codes for energy storage stations and the PFCS series enterprise standards, using clean non-conductive extinguishing agent suitable for active protection of energized storage equipment. Combined with the EAPD device and ICOP platform, it follows the "monitoring — warning — local suppression" active safety technical approach for energy storage.

Need a customized electrical fire protection plan for your energy storage station?

Our technical team will provide patch, device, and platform configuration recommendations based on cell type, pack structure, in-container layout, and BMS interface

Submit your requirements →
← Back to Solutions

Energy Storage Sites: A Distinctive Risk Posture

Energy storage sites combine the risk profile of a battery installation with the risk profile of a power-conversion installation. The two are not additive; they interact, and the protective strategy must reflect the interaction. CHILION's energy storage solution is engineered specifically around that interaction, with instrumentation that monitors both battery-side parameters and conversion-side parameters in parallel. The protective logic understands whether an abnormal signature originates in the battery string, in the conversion equipment, or somewhere in the electrical interface between them. The action set is also tailored: battery-side anomalies typically pace toward a controlled shutdown path rather than an immediate interruption, while conversion-side anomalies follow the more conventional interruption logic. The result is a coordinated protective system that respects the different physics of each subsystem without sacrificing response time on either side.

Commissioning in Operational Storage Sites

Energy storage sites are often commissioned while partially in operation, particularly when the deployment follows a phased capacity build. The CHILION commissioning workflow is designed for that pattern: instrumentation is installed in the new cabinets without disturbing the in-service cabinets, and validation proceeds cabinet-by-cabinet as each new section energizes. The phased pattern repeats as subsequent capacity blocks come online, with a single coherent commissioning record that spans the whole site. This approach minimizes the operational risk inherent in retro-commissioning a partly live facility and produces documentation that is uniform across the whole site rather than inconsistent across subsections. Operators and auditors both prefer the uniform pattern because it simplifies both routine inspection and incident review.

Field feedback and product roadmap: Field Practice for Solution Energy Storage

Field feedback from across our installed base flows into our quarterly product-development cycle. Customers who participate in our field-feedback program see their observations reflected in subsequent firmware revisions, configuration improvements, and accessories. This is the loop that distinguishes a vendor with an installed base from a vendor with a marketing channel: the latter collects feedback into a presentation, the former collects feedback into a roadmap.

How is field feedback used in product development?

This section reflects the deployment practice we've refined across the installed base. Customers who want more detail on the specific topic for their site can request a focused engagement through the contact form on our contact page.

Field feedback and product roadmap: Field Practice for Solution Energy Storage

Field feedback from across our installed base flows into our quarterly product-development cycle. Customers who participate in our field-feedback program see their observations reflected in subsequent firmware revisions, configuration improvements, and accessories. This is the loop that distinguishes a vendor with an installed base from a vendor with a marketing channel: the latter collects feedback into a presentation, the former collects feedback into a roadmap.

How is field feedback used in product development?

This section reflects the deployment practice we've refined across the installed base. Customers who want more detail on the specific topic for their site can request a focused engagement through the contact form on our contact page.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does the solution differentiate battery-side from conversion-side events?

Is the solution suitable for containerized storage?

Yes, containerized storage configurations are supported, including the engineered approach to instrumentation density in confined spaces.

What is the typical rollout schedule?

A typical rollout proceeds alongside the customer's capacity build plan, with phased commissioning matching the energization sequence.

Does the solution integrate with battery management systems?

Yes, integration pathways with the major BMS platforms are documented and supported as part of the deployment.